Dynamo-electric machine



(No Model.) swabs-sneer 1. E. OAEMMERER 81F. G. MAYER;

- DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented Aug.'11, 1896.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. CAEMMERER & F. G. MAYER. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 565,529. Patented Aug. 11,1896.

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 3.

E. GAEMMERER & P. G. MAYER.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 11, 1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT @EEIoE.

ERASMUS CAEMMERER AND FRITZ G. MAYER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 565,529, dated August11, 1896.

Application filed December 4:, 1896. Serial No. 571,075. (No model.\

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ERASMUS CAEMMERER and FRITZ G. MAYER, subjects ofthe Emperor of Germany, residing at Ohicago,in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inDynamo-Electric Machines; and we do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

This invention relates to a novel construction in a dynamo-electricmachine, the object being to provide a machine of this character ofsimple and durable construction and efficient and economical operation;and it consists in the features of construction and combinations ofparts hereinafter fully described and specifically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating our invention, Figure l is aview in elevation of a dynamo-electric machine constructed in accordancewith our invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of same at an angle ofninety degrees from Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of same with theend cap orbearing and armature removed. Fig. at is a longitudinalsection of same on the line 4 4 of Figs. 3, 5, and 6. Fig. 5 is asectionalview through one end of same on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4: andshowing the armature in section. Fig. 6 is a sectional View of same onthe line 6 6 of Fig. 4 with the armature removed. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 arediagrammatic views showing'the various connections for different speedsof the machine. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the double armatureemployed and the manner of connecting the same with the commutators.

Our invention relates more particularly to the novel construction of thefield-magnets in a so-called iron-clad type dynamo and in thecombination,with said field-magnets, of a plurality of armaturesrevolving in one and the same magnetic field, the advantages of whichwill be hereinafter described.

Referring now to said drawings, A indicates the frame of the machine,which consists of a magnetic core 1 and an outer or sur roundingcylinder 2. The said core 1 is provided with a magnetic spool 3 andpole-shoes l, 5, 6, and 7. The said pole-shoes 5 and 6 are cast in aseparate piece,which is secured to the core after the magnetic spool andouter or surrounding cylinder has been slipped over the core. The saidouter cylinder 2 is provided with four pole-shoes 8, 9, 10, and 11. Thesaid pole-shoes on said core 1 and cylinder 2 are situated directlyopposite each other or at an angle of one hundred and eighty degreesfrom each other transversely and longitudinally in line with each other,that is to say, the pole-shoes a and 5 on ,the core 1 are placedlongitudinally in line with each other, while the pole-shoes 5 and 6 areone hundred and eighty degrees from each other. In this manner when theouter cylinder 2 is slipped .over the core the pole-shoes on the samewill be situated at angles of ninety degrees from the pole-shoes 011 thecore. The said poleshoes on said core 1 and cylinder 2 are so situatedthat their inner faces are in the same cylindrical plane and equidistantfrom the outer circumference of the armature. The said core 1 is hollow,to admit of the passage of the shaft 12, carrying the armatures 13 and il therethrough. After said cylinder 2 has been slipped over saidcylindrical core -1 and said shaft 12, carrying armature 13 andcommutatorsv 15 and 16 at one end thereof, has been placed in saidopening in said core the cap 17, which forms the bearing for said shaft,is slipped over the same and secured by. the peripheral flange 18 to theends of the pole-shoes on said core and cylinder, thus holding the samein proper position with relation to each other and to thearmature. Thesaid cap 17 is preferably made of some nonmagnetic metal, but may be ofiron, in which case it will be necessary to insert a washer 19 of somenon-magnetic substance between the same and said pole-shoes, for obviousreasons. The armature 14 and commutators 20 and 21 are then secured uponthe other end of said shaft and a cap 22 slipped over same and securedto the ends of the opposite poleshoes. In this manner it will be seenthat we form a multipolar 1n agnctic field, in which the magneticcircuit will be as follows: Supposing the pole-shoes 4t and 7 on thecore to be N and the pole-shoes 5 and 6 to be S, then the pole-shoes 8and 11 on the cylinder 2 would be S and the pole-shoes 9 and 10 would beI. Now, then, the magnetic lines of force would make the circuit,passing from S to N through the core 1, thence through the armature-coreto S of the cylinder, thence through the cylinder to N, and thencethrough the armature-core to S of the core 1, thus co1npleting thecircuit and forming equal mag netic fields in which said armaturesrevolve.

As a further improvement in combination with the above-describedmagnetic field we prefer to provide a plurality of armature windings onone core, thus forming a plurality of armatures having the same core andrevolving in the same magnetic field. For purposes of description wewill call these double armatures. Thus if we have two double armatureson one shaft the double armature at one end will revolve in one magneticiield and the other in another magnetic field, both magnetic fields,however, being, in consequence of our construction, equal, and thereforethe induction for the different armature-windings will be equal. This isof great advantage in multiple connection, as each armature will beequally loaded.

lVe do not, of course, wish to be limited to magnetic fields having anyparticular number of poles, as the number maybe increased or diminished,as may be found desirable; nor do we wish to be limited to the shape ofthe core and outer casing, which may be cylindrical or any other shape,though we have shown only the cylindrical form as the most practical.

By means of this construction we obtain the advantage of giving ourdynamo a very compact form, and, further, all the working mechanicalparts of the same, such as the winding on the magnets and armature, areprotected against injury.

By means of our construction we also gain the advantage of requiringonly one exciting coil on the field-magnets. The greatest advantagewhich we obtain, however, lies in the fact that the action of themagnetic lines of force in the cores of the two double voltage armaturesor common armatures are identical, and for that reason the armatures actin harmony with each other, no matter how they are connected, inmultiple or series connection. The above advantage is also present indynamo-electric machines now in use in which two armatures revolve inone magnetic circuit, but we obtain the additional advantage of having agreater number of magnetic circuits in consequence of our constructionand use only one magnetic spool, while in all other dynamo-electricmachines of a similar class at least two magnet-spools are employed. Bythe use of only one magnet-core we require only one magnet-spool, inwhich the magnetic lines of force are generated and make their circuitsthrough the poles, the number of circuits being determined by the numberof poles.

A further object of our invention is to provide an absolute andeconomical regulation of speed under variable loads, and we obtain suchregulation, not by varying the current in the different exciting-coilsby different connection of the same, but by different connections of thevarious armature windings.

It will of course be understood that we do not wish to be limited to theabovedescribed manner of regulating the speed, as same may of course bedone in the manner now commonly employed.

In Fig. '7 we have shown the cominutators connected in series asfollows: The wire a- (being connected with a positive pole of a dynamo)is connected with the brush 0, the current passing therefrom through onearmature-winding and thence to brush c. ire d connects brush 0 withbrush 6, whence the current passes through the other armaturewinding tobrush f. Brush f is connected with brush 9, thence through one windingof the other armature to brush 2'. Brush 2' is connected with brush 7c,whence the current passes through the last armature-winding and back tobrush Z, which is connected with magnet-coil 3, the other end thereofbeing connected with the negative pole of the dynamo. The aboveconnection is obviously for slow speed.

Fig. 8 shows connection for medium speed. For this purpose the wire a isbranched into two parts, one of which is connected with each of thebrushes 7) and c, the current passing through both the armature-windingsof one double armature, at the same time to brushes 0 and f, thencethrough wire h to brushes g and 7t, thence through both windings of theother double armature, thence to brushes 1' and Z and through coil 3.

Fig. 9 shows connection for full speed. For this purpose wire a isconnected by branches n with branches b and c and by branches 0 withbranches 9 and 7a, the current passing simultaneo usly through allwindings of both double armatures to brushes 0 and f and brushes 1' andZ, which are connected with each other by branches from wire 71, saidwire being also connected with coil 3.

In Fig. 10 we have illustrated the windings of the double armature andthe connection between the same and the commutators. The coils p of saidarmature are connected with each other by wires 1 and are situatedalternately with coils 1', which are connected with each other by wires.5'. Each of said wires 1 is connected with the commutator w by a wire25, and each of said wires 8 is connected with commutator 'y by means ofwire it. This construction is particularly adapted. for use as anequalizer, and as such is very valuable. hen used as an equalizer, itwill give an absolute equalization or equal division of the voltageunder variable loads in the dii'- ferent circuits. The brushes will runwithout sparking under any circumstances at normal load and do notrequire any adjustment.

Our dynamo-electric machine when used as a generator will generate acurrent of very high tension. For instance, if: each armaturewinding(supposing four such windings) be wound for five hundred volts the totalvoltage would be two thousand volts, whichwould be generated with nogreater danger of burning out than in an armature generating fivehundred volts. Obviously our machine when used as a motor will be ableto withstand so much greater pressure than the ordinary motor withoutdanger of burning out.

\Ve claim as our invention 1. In a dynamo-electric machine, afieldmagnet comprising a core provided with poleshoes, a sleeve adaptedto contain said core and having an equal number of pole-shoes therewith,and non-magnetic material interposed between said pole-shoes of saidcore and said sleeve whereby the magnetic lines of force generated insaid core will be caused to pass through the armatures before completingthe circuit through said sleeve.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, a fieldmagnet comprising a hollow core,a sleeve adapted to contain said core, said sleeve and core having anequal number of pole-shoes arranged alternately, the pole-shoes on saidcore being situated respectively between the pole-shoes on said sleeve,and a shaft carrying the armature passing through said hollow core.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, a fieldmagnet comprising a corerequiring only one magnet-coil, a sleeve adapted to contain said core,and pole-shoes on said sleeve and said core arranged alternately andforming two equal magnetic fields at the ends of said sleeve and saidcore in which the armatures are adapted to revolve.

4:. In a dynamo-electric machine, a fieldmagnet comprising a corerequiring only one magnet-coil and provided with pole-shoes at its ends,a sleeve adapted to contain said core and provided with pole-shoes atits ends, adapted to extend between the pole-shoes on said core, andarmatures mounted upon a shaft passing through said hollow core, adaptedto revolve in the magnetic fields formed by said pole-shoes.

5. A dynamo-electric machine comprising a field-magnet consisting of ahollow core, a sleeve adapted to contain said core, said core and sleevebeing provided with pole-shoes at their ends, and a shaft passingthrough said core and carrying armatures, said shaft running in bearingsconsisting of caps secured to the ends of said pole-shoes on said coreand said cylinder and being insulated therefrom by a non-magneticsubstance.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

ERASMUS GAEMMERER. FRITZ G. MAYER. Witnesses RUDOLPH WVM. LOTZ, ARTHUR0. L012.

